PAWS TO PONDER 

Rabies is most commonly transmitted by a bite wound. The virus, which is present in the animal’s saliva is introduced into the tissues with the bite.  The virus then attaches to muscle cells and in a couple of days penetrates the local nerve cells.  The virus then begins to travel to the brain.  Once the virus enters the nerve cells it cannot be reached by the nervous system, making it impossible for the body to destroy the virus.  This is why rabies is fatal if treatment is not initiated soon after contracting the virus.  Although it can take up to a year for the virus to make its way from the site of the bite to the brain, the average time is 20-30 days.  Once the virus reaches the brain it becomes evident in all body secretions including saliva.  It is at this point that the virus can be transmitted to other people or animals and when symptoms begin.

The progression of the disease can be roughly divided into 3 stages.  Not all animals will show all of the signs, so it is important to contact your veterinarian if you suspect rabies or that your pet has been bitten.  The first stage, the prodromal stage typically lasts about 1-2 days.  During this period a change in personality may be noted. A normally friendly animal may become shy.  The larynx may also suffer from spasms leading to a voice change.  The excitation stage typically lasts from 2-3 days.  This stage is typically thought of as the “mad dog” stage.  The animal has no fear and may suffer from hallucinations.  The larynx becomes paralyzed resulting in an inability to swallow, drooling and “foaming at the mouth.”  The final stage before death is the paralytic or “dumb” stage.  This typically lasts 2 days.  Weakness or papalysis sets in.  It is at this stage where most human exposure occurs so we recommend avoiding contact with stray and/or injured animals.  Please contact Animal Control to deal with such animals.  It is important to pass this information on to children as well.  Remember, there is NO TREATMENT for animals or HUMANS once clinical signs of rabies appear.

If you receive a bite from an animal, the wound should be washed out with water quickly.  If possible, the head of the biting animal should be submitted for antibody testing.  Contact Animal Control or your veterinarian regarding information on how to submit the animal for testing.  If the biting animal is a pet, the vaccination status should be confirmed.  It is important to see your doctor as soon as possible to have the bite wound examined and possible further treatment instituted.

South Dakota Codified Law contains provisions to compel quarantine or euthanasia in the event of any unvaccinated pet is either bitten by an animal suspected of rabies or bites another animal or person.  The only way to currently test for rabies is to euthanize the animal and submit it for testing.  Given this information and that there is no treatment for rabies, it is imperative that ALL animals are vaccinated to help prevent the risk of transmission.  Many cat owners are under the impression that indoor cats do not need to be vaccinated for rabies.  It is important to recognize that there is potential for wildlife exposure within the home (such as from bats) and that there is a legal liability should an unvaccinated animal bite a person.

If your pet is currently behind on their rabies vaccination we would recommend scheduling an appointment to get them up to date.  After a 1 year booster, the vaccine need only be given every 3 years to remain current.  Also if you suspect your pet has been bitten, be sure to contact us for an appointment for an examination and possible rabies booster. 

To ensure the health and safety of our staff, we require all pets being handled by employees be current on their rabies vaccination!